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Other study designs

Test Negative Design (Future release)

The test-negative design is a modified case-control design. VE is estimated using the odds ratio (OR) of vaccination among cases divided by the OR of vaccination among controls,

VE=1Odds casesOdds Control×100.

Screening Method (Future release)

The screening method estimates VE using the proportion of cases vaccinated (PCV) and the proportion of the population vaccinated (PPV),

VE=PCV1PCV×1PPVPPV×100.

To calculate the PCV, it is assumed that all, or at least a random sample of cases of a disease arising over a given period in a defined population, is available. Additionally, it incorporates the PPV as prior information or an external estimate.

What type of data is needed?

Data for Test-negative design

Data disaggregated at the individual level to correlate vaccination and disease status for each case. The dataset must contain the following information:

Data for Screening method design